I’m putting these links here as they are all from the same website, but are on various topics.
Firstly, why can we see flashes of light when are eyes are closed.
Next up is why are primary colours primary?
Then (ugh) that stuff in the corner of your eye when you wake up. What’s that all about?
After-images are explained in this article.
Does reading make you short-sighted? Some more information on that subject here.
Why do we seem to see better with amber-coloured sunglasses?